هفت اصل در یادگیری انگلیسی

 

Imagine speaking English automatically... without thinking. The words come out of your mouth easily, and fast.   You understand instantly.

To do this, you must change the way you study English. Your 7 suggestions:

 

 

1	Your first action is to stop studying English words. What?      Stop studying English words. That's right, do not memorize words.  Native speakers do not learn English by remembering single words.  Native speakers learn phrases.
2	This is your second rule.     Stop studying grammar.  Right now.  Stop.  Put away your grammar books and textbooks.  Grammar rules teach you to think about English, you want to speak automatically-- without thinking!
3	The rule is listening.                Listening, listening, listening.   You must listen to UNDERSTANDABLE English.  You must listen to English EVERYDAY. Don't read textbooks. Listen to English.
4	You must learn English deeply.      Learn deeply, speak easily.     Learn deeply, speak easily.   How do you learn deeply?  Easy--  just repeat all lessons or listening many times.  For example, if you have an audio book, listen to the first chapter 30 times before you go to the second chapter.  You could listen to the first chapter 3 times each day, for 10 days
5	They are the most powerful way to learn and use English grammar automatically.         Use Point of View Stories for Automatic Grammar        Use Point of View Stories for Automatic Grammar   You must learn grammar by listening to real English.  The best way is to listen to stories... told in different times (points of  view):  Past, Perfect, Present, Future.
6	If you want to understand native speakers, you must stop learning English from textbook tapes and CDs.   To learn real English, you must listen to real English conversations... not to actors reading.  You listen to native speakers speaking real English.  You must study real conversations.      Listen only to English conversations      Listen only to English conversations      Listen only to English conversations How do you learn casual English? It's easy.  Stop using textbooks.  Instead, listen only to English conversations, movies, TV shows, audio books,  audio articles, stories, and talk radio shows.  Use real English conversations.  After 6 months of real English, Megdelio could speak easily.
7	Listen and Answer, not Listen and Repeat     Use Listen & Answer Mini-Story Lessons     Use Listen & Answer Mini-Story Lessons In each Mini-Story Lesson, a speaker tells a short simple story.  He also asks a lot of easy questions.   Every time you hear a question, you pause and answer it.  You learn to answer questions quickly-- without thinking.  Your English becomes automatic.

 

 

 

 

 

لینک

http://www.cambridgeesol.org/resources/learner/skills.html

http://www.cambridgeesol.org/resources/learner/efw.html

http://www.cambridgeesol.org/resources/learner/index.html

infinitive or gerund

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s8Detq4xLHk

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jgpM7GA3vhw

british council 

http://www.britishcouncil.org/learnenglish-central-listening-downloads.htm

EF podEnglish Beginner

EF podEnglish 01 - Introduction

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6N4pMNF9xWg&feature=PlayList&p=C6311279E19E608D&index=0

EF podEnglish 02- Time

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SxGG_pVC_7U&NR=1

Learn English 03 - Familes

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PCl2mKzxCCs

Learn English 04 - Directions

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=esmQ9nysj6g&NR=1

Learn English 05 - Grocery Shopping

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yLfE7U7MsTE&NR=1

Learn English 06 - Like, Love, Hate

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gIgnWXTgVTk

Learn English 07 - Catering

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qAhAX0UcOm0&NR=1

Learn English 08 - New York

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v6jG7fW4qi8&NR=1

Learn English 09 - Apartment

 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T0nOmEARHv0&NR=1

Learn English 10 - Pictures

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pl8-vId3Z8c&NR=1

Learn English 11 - Making a Date

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_a_CIhqs1s8&NR=1

Learn English 12 - Yoga

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BMGAXVG-WsQ&NR=1

Learn English 13 - Office Talk

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wnZJpPM9YxM&NR=1

Learn English 14 - Crime

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vFpT4eZH9t0

Learn English 15 - Talking about the past

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cpBHgaNuUt0&NR=1

Learn English 16 - Food

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SwLuKEta6hk&NR=1

Learn English 17 - Vacations

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cejAJafvwKo&NR=1

 

EF podEnglishUpper Intermediate

Learn English 65 - Films

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=azoAPF5Dw4I&feature=channel

Learn English 66 - Fears

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1xKnOe8hirA&NR=1

Learn English 67 - Technology

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MW3rTX6tXvI&feature=channel

Learn English 68 - Religion

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OFFNQmqlgOo&NR=1

Learn English 69 - Interview

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W0zBXxTWcpg&feature=channel

Learn English 70 - Computers

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0GaG1T8-v9k&feature=channel

Learn English 71 - Laws and Courts

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XVqPENG_jr0&feature=channel

Learn English 72 - Travel

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XKuZ4gxxwDk&NR=1

 Learn English 73 - Sightseeing

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xudJdhENIbI&feature=related

Learn English 74 - Investor

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QqsCIl25gFE&feature=related

Learn English 75 - Getting Help

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QtPRNuuNaDc&feature=related

 Learn English 76 - Office Tour

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0X2cwCjTaHE&feature=related

Learn English 77 - Studying english

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z2Uklqpz1rI&feature=related

Learn English 78 - Sales Figures

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QJP72OwZZPM&feature=related

Learn English 79 - Girl Talk

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2pmn6hYU8tI&NR=1

Learn English 80 - Book

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZuQxcI473wI&NR=1

EF podEnglish Intermediate

Learn English 50 - Life Story

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H9qBALZECpU&NR=1

Learn English 51 - Business -

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y_dPHQlst70&NR=1

Learn English 53 - Flowers for Girlfriend

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KQfU_HdzFY0&NR=1

Learn English 56 - Communication Skills

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3mCgkG3V7Wg&NR=1

Learn English 57 - Scuba Diving

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZG8erIawH-c&NR=1

Learn English 58 - Office Gossip

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_ug8DGH39vI&NR=1

Learn English 60 - Diet

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h8kT7XyGN4I&NR=1

Learn English 61 - Lifestyle

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oZo5S76gLY0&NR=1

Learn English 63 - Trends and Fashions

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xZ58czI45gc&feature=related

EF podEnglish Pre-Intermediate

Learn English 35 - Job Interview

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ppqcn1CiKEo&NR=1

Learn English 36 - School Friends

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IIHQRweFIAs&NR=1

Learn English 40 - Travelling

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ehav4betKCA&NR=1

Learn English 44 - Planning Vacation

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vWkLUFemIwI

Learn English 46 - Relationships

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BRQkRZU0M0w&NR=1

Learn English 48 - Checking In

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7OGLuJp-hks&NR=1

EF podEnglish Elementary

Learn English 18 - Weather

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PScGbLBOvKo&feature=channel

Learn English 19 - Pets

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6oK7DM1XsOo&NR=1

Learn English 20 - Babysitting Job Interview

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aP8hrK66g5Q

Learn English 22 - Complaining

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UNYVLCcgI0g&NR=1

Learn English 25 - Office Party

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wh0PRWfjDUQ

Learn English 27 - Clothes

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MMUnJ3M_TDc&NR=1

Learn English 28 - Office Phone

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m-W6dXfm7YE&NR=1

Learn English 32 - Planning a Trip

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lS_-8NnkEeI&NR=1

Learn English 34 - Climate Change

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y-W8RZte5jk&NR=1

Special Verb Forms

Special Verb Forms

A Verbal is a special verb form.

A verbal:

1- A word that is drived from the verb

2- Has the power of the verb

3- But acts as another part of speech

Like a verb, a verbal:

1- May take an object

2- May take a modifier(adjective/adverb)

3- May sometimes take a subject

Unlike a verb, a verbal Function as

1- A noun

2- An adjective

3- An adverb

Three types of verbals

1- Gerund

2- Infinitives

3- Participles

1- Gerund

A Gerund can be used as:

1- A subject

2- A direct object

3- Object of the preposition

A gerund is a verb from ending in ing & is used as a noun. Ex.:

1- Subject: Smoking cigars destroyed my lungs.

2- Direct Object: She started smoking when she went to Paris.

3- Object of the Preposition: The consequence of all that smoking is her hospitalization.

Infinitive

An infinitive can be used as:

1- A subject

2- An adverb

3- An adjective

An infinitive is a verb from starting with to & is used as a noun  Ex.:

1. Subject: To run was his solution to his poor health.

2. Adverb: If it had been illegal to shut in public places, he would have restrained himself.

3. Adjective: The right to protest is legally protected right.

Participle

A Participle Functions as..

1- A verb, because it can take an object.

2- An adjective, because it can modify a noun or pronoun.

A particle is a verb from ending in ing or ed. Ex.:

1- Verb: That student who is smoking French cigarettes rarely goes to school.

2- Adjective: Smoked salmon is very delicious.

ing form or Infinitive

خلا صه درس

گاهی لازم است ما یکی از دو فرم مصدر Infinitive یا اسم مصدر Gerund و e-ing form را در جمله استفاده کنیم. اما کی از شکل مصدر فعل استفاده می کنیم و کی از اسم مصدر و e-ing form :

استفاده از مصدر

1. بعد از برخی افعال مشخص که باید آنها را به خاطر داشته باشید
2. بعد از صفت
3. بعد از  too + adjective
4. و بعد از  adjective + enough

استفاده از اسم مصدر

1. بعد از برخی افعال مشخص که باید آنها را به خاطر داشته باشید
2. وقتی که لغت در جمله subject باشد
3. بعد از  preposition

متن درس

Infinitive or -ing?

Sometimes we need to decide whether to use a verb in its:

• (Gerund)-ing form (doing, singing)
  
  or
  
• infinitive form (to do, to sing).

For example, only one of the following sentences is correct. Which one?

• I dislike working late. (???)
• I dislike to work late. (???)

When to use the infinitive

The infinitive form is used after certain verbs:- forget, help, learn, teach, train
- choose, expect, hope, need, offer, want, would like
- agree, encourage, pretend, promise, recommend
- allow, can/can't afford, decide, manage, mean, refuse

• I forgot to close the window.
• Mary needs to leave early.
• Why are they encouraged to learn English?
• We can't afford to take a long holiday.

The infinitive form is always used after adjectives, for example:
- disappointed, glad, happy, pleased, relieved, sad, surprised

• I was happy to help them.
• She will be delighted to see you.

This includes too + adjective:

• The water was too cold to swim in.
• Is your coffee too hot to drink?

The infinitive form is used after adjective + enough:

• He was strong enough to lift it.
• She is rich enough to buy two.

When to use -ing

The -ing form is used when the word is the subject of a sentence or clause:

• Swimming is good exercise.
• Doctors say that smoking is bad for you.

The -ing form is used after a preposition:

• I look forward to meeting you.
• They left without saying "Goodbye."

The -ing form is used after certain verbs:
- avoid, dislike, enjoy, finish, give up, mind/not mind, practise

• I dislike getting up early.
• Would you mind opening the window?

گرامر- زمان در زبان انگلیسی- درس پانزدهم- زمان آینده کامل استمراری

Future Prefect Continuous Tense

همان طور که قبلن گفتم زمان آینده کامل استمراری در موارد زیر به کار گرفته می شود

 1. بیان یک عمل طولانی قبل از يک زمان در آینده

I will have been working here for ten years next week

He will be tired when he arrives. He will have been travelling for 24 hours

فرمول کلی ساخت زمان آینده کامل به صورت زیر است

subject + auxiliary verb (will) + auxiliary verb (have) e

e+ auxiliary verb(been) + main verb (base+ing) +e

صرففعل travel

مثبت

I will have been travelling for two days

You will have been travelling for two days

He will have been travelling for two days

She will have been travelling for two days

It will have been travelling for two days

We will have been travelling for two days

They will have been travelling for two days

منفی

I will not have been travelling by car

You will not have been travelling by car

He will not have been travelling by car

She will not have been travelling by car

It will not have been travelling by car

We will not have been travelling by car

They will not have been travelling by car

سئوالی

?Will I have been travelling for two days

?Will you have been travelling for two days

?Will he have been travelling for two days

?Will she have been travelling for two days

?Will it have been travelling for two days

?Will we have been travelling for two days

?Will they have been travelling for two days

گرامر- زمان در زبان انگلیسی- درس چهاردهم- زمان آینده کامل

Future Prefect Tense

همان طور که قبلن گفتم زمان آینده کامل در موارد زیر به کار گرفته می شود

 1. بیان یک عمل در آینده که قبل از عملی دیگر در آینده انجام می شود

The train will have left when you arrive

You can call me at work at 8am. I will have arrived at the office by 8

They will be tired when they arrive. They will not have slept for a long time

Mary won't be at home when you arrive

?Really? Where will she have gone

فرمول کلی ساخت زمان آینده کامل به صورت زیر است

subject + auxiliary verb (will) + auxiliary verb (have) e

e+ main verb (past participle) +e

مثال 1 

The train will have left when you arrive
future	present	past
+
Train leaves in future at 9am You arrive in future at 9.15am

صرففعل go

مثبت

I will have gone to school

You will have gone to school

He will have gone to school

She will have gone to school

It will have gone to school

We will have gone to school

They will have gone to school

منفی

I will not have gone to school

You will not have gone to school

He will not have gone to school

She will not have gone to school

It will not have gone to school

We will not have gone to school

They will not have gone to school

سئوالی

 ?Will I have gone to school

?Will you have gone to school

?Will he have gone to school

?Will she have gone to school

?Will it have gone to school

?Will they have gone to school

?Will we have gone to school

گرامر- زمان در زبان انگلیسی- درس سیزدهم- زمان آینده استمراری

Future Coninuous Tense

همان طور که قبلن گفتم زمان آینده استمراری در موارد زیر به کار گرفته می شود

 1. بیان یک عمل در زمان مشخص در آینده( شروع قبل از زمان معین که تا آن زمان ادامه یافته است)

At 4pm tomorrow, I will be working

I will be playing tennis at 10am tomorrow

They won't be watching TV at 9pm tonight

?What will you be doing at 10pm tonight

?What will you be doing when I arrive

She will not be sleeping when you telephone her

We 'll be having dinner when the film starts

Take your umbrella. It will be raining when you return

فرمول کلی ساخت زمان آینده استمراری به صورت زیر است

subject + auxiliary verb (will) + auxiliary verb (be) e

e+ main verb (base +ing) +e

مثال 1 

At 4pm tomorrow, I will be working
future	present	past
+
At 4pm, I will be in the middle of working

صرففعل work

مثبت

I will be working at 10pm

You will be working at 10pm

He will be working at 10pm

She will be working at 10pm

It will be working at 10pm

We will be working at 10pm

They will be working at 10pm

منفی

I will not be working at 10pm

You will not be working at 10pm

He will not be working at 10pm

She will not be working at 10pm

It will not be working at 10pm

We will not be working at 10pm

They will not be working at 10pm

سئوالی

?Will I be working tonight

?Will you be working tonight

?Will he be working tonight

?Will she be working tonight

?Will it be working tonight

?Will we be working tonight

?Will they be working tonight

گرامر- زمان در زبان انگلیسی- درس دوازدهم- زمان آینده ساده

Simple Future Tense

همان طور که قبلن گفتم زمان گذشته ساده در موارد زیر به کار گرفته می شود

 1. بیان یک عمل در آینده بدون طرح  و نقشه قبلی(تصمیم گیری در زمان صحبت کردن)

Hold on. I'll get a pen

We will see what we can do to help you

Maybe we'll stay in and watch television tonight

I think I'll go to the gym tomorrow

I think I will have a holiday next year

I don't think I'll buy that car

It will rain tomorrow

People won't go to Jupiter before the 22nd century

?Who do you think will get the job

I'll be in London tomorrow

I'm going shopping. I won't be very long

?Will you be at work tomorrow

فرمول کلی ساخت زمان آینده ساده به صورت زیر است

subject + auxiliary verb (will) + main verb (base) +e

مثال 1 

Hold on. I'll get a pen We will see what we can do to help you Maybe we'll stay in and watch television tonight
future	present	past
+
We had no firm plan before speaking. The decision is made at the time of speakingn

مثال 2 

I think I'll go to the gym tomorrow I think I will have a holiday next year I don't think I'll buy that car
future	present	past
+
We often use the simple future tense with the verb to think before it

مثال 3 

It will rain tomorrow People won't go to Jupiter before the 22nd century Who do you think will get the job?
future	present	past
+
We often use the simple future tense to make a prediction about the future. Again, there is no firm plan. We are saying what we think will happen

 

مثال 4 

I'll be in London tomorrow I'm going shopping. I won't be very long Will you be at work tomorrow
future	present	past
+
We often use the simple future tense to make a prediction about the future. Again, there is no firm plan. We are saying what we think will happen

صرف فعل arrive

مثبت

I will arrive on time

You will arrive on time

He will  arrive on time

She will  arrive on time

It will  arrive on time

We will  arrive on time

They will  arrive on time

منفی

I will not arrive on time

You will not arrive on time

He will  not arrive on time

She will  not arrive on time

It will  not arrive on time

We will  not arrive on time

They will  not arrive on time

سئوالی

 ?Will I arrive on time

?Will you arrive on time

?Will he arrive on time

?Will she arrive on time

?Will it arrive on time

?Will they arrive on time

?Will we arrive on time

صرف فعل Be

I will be in London tomorrow

You will be in London tomorrow

He will be in London tomorrow

She will be in London tomorrow

It will be in London tomorrow

We will be in London tomorrow

They will be in London tomorrow

منفی

I will not be in Tehran

You will not be in Tehran

He will not be in Tehran

She will not be in Tehran

It will not be in Tehran

We will not be in Tehran

They will not be in Tehran

سئوالی

?Will I be at work tomorrow

?Will you be at work tomorrow

?Will he be at work tomorrow

?Will she be at work tomorrow

?Will it be at work tomorrow

?Will we be at work tomorrow

?Will they be at work tomorrow

گرامر- زمان در زبان انگلیسی- درس یازدهم- زمان گذشته کامل استمراری

Past Perfect ContinuousTense

همان طور که قبلن گفتم زمان گذشته کامل استمراری در موارد زیر به کار گرفته می شود

 1. بیان یک عمل طولانی که قبل از عمل دیگری در گذشته انجام شده است

Ram started waiting at 9am. I arrived at 11am. When I arrived, Ram had been waiting for two hours

John was very tired. He had been running

I could smell cigarettes. Somebody had been smoking

Suddenly, my car broke down. I was not surprised. It had not been running well for a long time

?Had the pilot been drinking before the crash

فرمول کلی ساخت زمان گذشته کامل استمراری به صورت زیر است

subject + auxiliary verb (had) +auxiliary verb (been) + main verb (base+ing) +e

مثال 1 

Ram had been waiting for two hours when I arrived
future	present	past
		+
		Ram starts waiting in past at 9am I arrive in past at 11am

صرف فعل play

مثبت

I had been playing tennis

You had been playing tennis

He had been playing tennis

She had been playing tennis

It had been playing tennis

We had been playing tennis

They had been playing tennis

منفی

I had not been playing tennis

You had not been playing tennis

He had not been playing tennis

She had not been playing tennis

It had not been playing tennis

We had not been playing tennis

They had not been playing tennis

سئوالی

 ?Had I been playing tennis

 ?Had you been playing tennis

 ?Had he been playing tennis

 ?Had she been playing tennis

 ?Had it been playing tennis

 ?Had we been playing tennis

 ?Had they been playing tennis

گرامر- زمان در زبان انگلیسی- درس دهم- زمان گذشته کامل

Past Perfect Tense

همان طور که قبلن گفتم زمان گذشته کامل در موارد زیر به کار گرفته می شود

 1. بیان یک عمل که قبل از عمل دیگری در گذشته انجام شده است

The train had left when we arrived

I wasn't hungry. I had just eaten

They were hungry. They had not eaten for five hours

I didn't know who he was. I had never seen him before

Mary wasn't at home when I arrived

?Really? Where had she gone

you are too late. The train has left

We were too late. The train had left

He told us that the train had left

I thought I had met her before, but I was wrong

He explained that he had closed the window because of the rain

I wondered if I had been there before

I asked them why they had not finished

فرمول کلی ساخت زمان حال ساده به صورت زیر است

subject + auxiliary verb (had) + main verb (past participle) +e

مثال 1 

The train had left when we arrived
future	present	past
		+
		Train leaves in past at 9am We arrive in past at 9.15am

صرف فعل Finish

مثبت

I had finished my work

You had finished my work

He had finished my work

She had finished my work

It had finished my work

We had finished my work

They had finished my work

منفی

I had not finished my work

You had not finished my work

He had not finished my work

She had not finished my work

It had not finished my work

We had not finished my work

They had not finished my work

سئوالی

?Had I finished my work

?Had you finished my work

?Had he finished my work

?Had she finished my work

?Had it finished my work

?Had we finished my work

?Had they finished my work

گرامر- زمان در زبان انگلیسی- درس نهم- زمان گذشته استمراری

Past Continuous Tense

همان طور که قبلن گفتم زمان گذشته استمراری در موارد زیر به کار گرفته می شود

1. عملی که در زمان مشخصی در گذشته شروع شده و ادامه یافته است و در گذشته خاتمه یافته است

At 8pm yesterday, I was watching TV

I was working at 10pm last night

They were not playing football at 9am this morning

?What were you doing at 10pm last night

?What were you doing when he arrived

She was cooking when I telephoned her

We were having dinner when it started to rain

Ram went home early because it was snowing

فرمول کلی ساخت زمان گذشته استمراری به صورت زیر است

subject + auxiliaey verb (be-was/were)+main verb (base+ing)e

مثال 1 

At 8pm yesterday, I was watching TV
future	present	past
		+
		At 8 pm, I was in the middle of watching TV

صرف فعل Wach

مثبت

I was watching TV

You were watching TV

He was watching TV

She was watching TV

It was watching TV

We were watching TV

They were watching TV

منفی

I was not watching TV

You were not watching TV

He was not watching TV

She was not watching TV

It was not watching TV

We were not watching TV

They were not watching TV

سئوالی

?Was I watching TV

?Were you watching  TV

?Was he watching  TV

?Was she watching  TV

?Was it watching  TV

?Were we watching  TV

?Were there watching  TV

گرامر- زمان در زبان انگلیسی- درس هشتم- زمان گذشته ساده

Simple Past Tense

همان طور که قبلن گفتم زمان گذشته ساده در موارد زیر به کار گرفته می شود

 1. بیان یک عمل - کوتاه یا طولانی- در گذشته

The car exploded at 9.30am yesterday

She went to the door

We did not hear the telephone

?Did you see that car

I lived in Bangkok for 10 years

The Jurassic period lasted about 62 million years

We did not sing at the concert

?Did you watch TV last night

I lived in that house when I was young

He didn't like the movie

?What did you eat for dinner

John drove to London on Monday

Mary did not go to work yesterday

?Did you play tennis last week

I was at work yesterday

We were not late (for the train)E

?Were you angry

فرمول کلی ساخت زمان گذشته ساده به صورت زیر است

subject + main verb(past form)e

or

subject + auxiliary verb (did) + main verb (base) +e

مثال 1 

The car exploded at 9.30am yesterday She went to the door We did not hear the telephone ?Did you see that car
future	present	past
		+
		The action is in the past

مثال 2 

I lived in Bangkok for 10 years The Jurassic period lasted about 62 million years We did not sing at the concert ?Did you watch TV last night
future	present	past
		+
		The action is in the past

صرف فعل go

مثبت

I went to school

You went to school

He went to school

She went to school

It went to school

We went to school

They went to school

منفی

I did not go to library

You did not go to library

He did not go to library

She did not go to library

It did not go to library

We did not go to library

They did not go to library

سئوالی

?Did I go to the cinema

? Did  you go to the cinema

? Did  he go to the cinema

? Did  she go to the cinema

? Did  it go to the cinema

? Did  we go to the cinema

? Did  they go to the cinema

صرف فعل Be

مثبت(برای فعل be نیازی به فعل کمکی نیست)

I was happy

You were happy

He was  happy

She was  happy

It was  happy

We were  happy

They were  happy

منفی

I was not old

You were not old

He was not old

She was not old

It was not old

We were not old

They were not old

سئوالی

?Was I late

?Were you late

?Was he late

?Was she late

?Was it late

?Were we late

?Were they late

گرامر- زمان در زبان انگلیسی- درس هفتم- زمان حال کامل استمراری

Present Perfect Continuous Tense

همان طور که قبلن گفتم زمان حال کامل استمراری در موارد زیر به کار گرفته می شود

1. بیان عملی که به تازگی خاتمه یافته است

2. بیان عملی که از گذشته تا الآن ادمه دارد و خاتمه نیافته است 

I've been reading

The car's been giving trouble

We've been playing tennis for two hours

I'm tired because I've been running

?Why is the grass wet  Has it been raining?g

You don't understand ^[now] because you haven't been listening

I have been reading for 2 hours

I have been reading for 2 hours. [I am still reading now.]e

We've been studying since 9 o'clock. [We're still studying now.]e

How long have you been learning English? [You are still learning now.]e

We have not been smoking. [And we are not smoking now.]e

I have been studying for 3 hours

I have been watching TV since 7pm

Tara hasn't been feeling well for 2 weeks

Tara hasn't been visiting us since March

He has been playing football for a long time

He has been living in Bangkok since he left school

فرمول کلی ساخت زمان حال کامل به صورت زیر است

subject + auxiliaey verb (have)+auxiliary verb(been)e

e+main verb (base+ing)e

مثال 1 

I'm tired because I've been running
future	present	past
	!!!	+
	Result now	Recent action

مثال 2

I have been reading for 2 hourse
future	present	past
	+	-
	Action is continuing now	Action started in past

صرف فعل wait

مثبت

I have been waiting for 2 hours

You have been waiting for 2 hours

He has been waiting for 2 hours

She has been waiting for 2 hours

It has been waiting for 2 hours

We have been waiting for 2 hours

They have been waiting for 2 hours

منفی

I have not been waiting for 1 hour

You have not been waiting for 1 hour

He has not been waiting for 1 hour

She has not been waiting for 1 hour

It has not been waiting for 1 hour

We have not been waiting for 1 hour

They have not been waiting for 1 hour

سئوالی

?Have I been waiting for 1 hour

?Have you been waiting for 1 hour

?Has he been waiting for 1 hour

?Has she been waiting for 1 hour

?Has it been waiting for 1 hour

?Have we been waiting for 1 hour

?Have they been waiting for 1 hour

گرامر- زمان در زبان انگلیسی- درس ششم- زمان حال کامل

Present Perfect Tense

همان طور که قبلن گفتم زمان حال کامل در موارد زیر به کار گرفته می شود

1. بیان يک تجربه

2. بیان يک تغییر 

2. ادامه یافتن یک موقعیت

I  have seen ET

He has lived in Bangkok

?Have you been there

We have never eaten caviar

I have bought a car

John has broken his leg

?Has the price gone up

The police have arrested the killer

I have worked here since June

He has been ill for 2 days

?How long have you known Tara

I've finished my work

John's seen ET

They've gone home

فرمول کلی ساخت زمان حال کامل به صورت زیر است

subject + auxiliaey verb (have)+main verb (past participle)e

مثال 1 

I have seen ET He has lived in Bangkok ?Have you been there We have never eaten caviar
future	present	past
	!!!	+
	In my head, I have a memory now	The action or state was in the past

مثال 2

I have bought a car
future	present	past
	+	-
	Now I have a car	Last week I didn't have a car

 

مثال 3

John has broken his leg
future	present	past
	-	+
	Now he has a bad leg	Yesterday John had a good leg

 

مثال 4

?Has the price gone up
future	present	past
	-	+
	Is the price $1.70 ?today	Was the price  $1.50yesterday?e

مثال 5

The police have arrested the killer
future	present	past
	+	-
	Now he is in prison	Yesterday the killer was free

مثال 6 

I have worked here sice June He has been ill for 2 days ?How long have you known Tara
future	present	past
	+	-
R(It will probably continue into the future)E	It continues up to now	The situation started in the past

صرف فعل play

مثبت

I have played football

You have played football

He has played football

She has played football

It has played football

We have played football

They have played football

منفی

I have not played baseball

You have not played baseball

He has not played baseball

She has not played baseball

It has not played baseball

We have not played baseball

They have not played baseball

سئوالی

?Have I played baseball

?Have You played baseball

?Has he played baseball

?Has she played baseball

?Has it played baseball

?Have we played baseball

?Have they played baseball

گرامر- زمان در زبان انگلیسی- درس چهارم- زمان حال استمراری

Present Continuous Tense

همان طور که قبلن گفتم زمان حال استمراری در موارد زیر به کار گرفته می شود

1. عملی که دقیقن الآن در حال انجام است

2. عملی که حول و حوش الآن در حال انجام است 

2. عملی در آینده در زمان مشخص شده ای انجام خواهد شد، البته همراه با قید زمان

I am eating my lunch

The pages are turning

The candle is burning

The numbers are spinning

John is going out with Mary

Muriel is learning to drive

I am living with my sister until I find an apartment

I am taking my exam next month

We're eating in a restaurant tonight. We've already booked the table

They can play tennis with you tomorrow. They're not working

When are you starting your new job?e

فرمول کلی ساخت زمان حال استمراری به صورت زیر است

subject + auxiliaey verb (be)+main verb (base+ing)e

مثال 1 

I am eating my lunch
future	present	past
	+
	The action is happening now

مثال 2

the pages are turning	the candle is burning	the numbers are spinning

مثال 3

John is going out with Mary
future	present	past
+	...	+
	The action is happening around now

مثال 4 

I am taking my exam next month
future	present	past
+	...
The action is in the future	A firm plan or programme exists now

صرف فعل Wait

مثبت

I am waiting for John

You are waiting for John

He is waiting for John

She is Waiting for John

It is waiting for John

We are waiting for John

They are waiting for John

منفی

I am not waiting for John

You are not waiting for John

He is not waiting for John

She is not Waiting for John

It is not waiting for John

We are not waiting for John

They are not waiting for John

سئوالی

?Am I waiting for John

?Are you waiting for John

?Is he waiting for John

?Is she Waiting for John

?Is it waiting for John

?Are we waiting for John

?Are they waiting for John

گرامر- زمان در زبان انگلیسی- درس سوم- زمان حال ساده

Simple Present Tense

همان طور که قبلن گفتم زمان حال ساده در موارد زیر به کار گرفته می شود

 1. بیان یک عمل -action- کلی -general-

2. بیان عملی که همیشه رخ می دهد، در گذشته، حال و آینده

3. عملی که فقط الآن رخ نداده

4. بیان یک عبارت همیشه درست

?How do we use the Simple Present Tense

?We use the simple present tense when

1tthe action is general

2tthe action happens all the time, or habitually, in the past. present and future

3tthe action is not only hapenning now

4tthe statement is always true

The Moon goes round the Earth

I am not fat

Ram is tall

I live in London

John drives a taxi

He does not drive a bus

We do not work at night

Do you play football?e

Am I right?e

Tara is not at home

You are happy

Why are you so beautiful?e

فرمول کلی ساخت زمان حال ساده به صورت زیر است

subject + auxiliary verb (do) + main verb (base) +e

البته سه استثناء مهم در زمان حال ساده داریم:

1. در جملات مثبت معمولن از فعل کمکی استفاده نمی کنیم

2. برای سوم شخص مفرد (he, she, it) یک s به فعل اصلی یا es به فعل کمکی -auxiliary- افزوده می شود

3. برای فعل to be از فعل کمکی استفاده نمی کنیم، حتا برای جملات سئوالی و/یا منفی

مثال 1 

I am not fat ?Why are you so beautiful Ram is tall
future	present	past
+	+	+
The situation is general. Past, present and future	The situation is general. Past, present and future	The situation is general. Past, present and future

مثال 2 

?Am I right Tara is not at home You are happy
future	present	past
	+
	The situation is now

مثال 3 

John drives a taxi
future	present	past
+	+	+
It is John's job to drive a taxi. He does it every day. Past, present and future	It is John's job to drive a taxi. He does it every day. Past, present and future	It is John's job to drive a taxi. He does it every day. Past, present and future

صرف فعل Like 

مثبت

I like coffee

You like coffee

He Likes coffee

She likes coffee

It likes coffee

We like coffee

They like coffee

منفی

I do not like coffee

You do not like coffee

He does not Like coffee

She does not like coffee

It does not like coffee

We do not like coffee

They do not like coffee

سئوالی

?Do I like coffee

?Do you like coffee

?Does he Like coffee

?Does she like coffee

?Does it like coffee

?Do we like coffee

?Do they like coffee

صرف فعل Be

مثبت

I am happy

You are happy

He is happy

She is happy

It is happy

We are happy

They are happy

منفی

I am not old

You are not old

He is not old

She is not old

It is not old

We are not old

They are not old

سئوالی

?Am I late

?Are you late

?Is he late

?Is she late

?Is it late

?Are we late

?Are they late

گرامر- زمان در زبان انگلیسی- درس دوم - کی و چرا از یک زمان استفاده می کنیم؟

جدول استفاده زمان حال

 Present Tense

Structure	Tense
بیان افعال کلی و همیشگی	Present
eبیان عملی که دقیقن الآن در حال رخ دادن است عملی که در آینده رخ می دهد البته همراه با قید زمان	Present  Continuous
eبیان يک تجربه، يک تغییر  بیان يک عمل موقت یا وضعیت که قبلن شروع شده و تا حال ادامه یا اهمیت دارد	Present  Perfect
بیان عمل طولانی که از قبلن تا الآن ادامه داشته و ممکن است تمام شده یا نشده باشد	Present  Perfect  Continuous

جدول استفاده زمان گذشته

 Past Tense

Structure	Tense
بیان عملی که در گذشته بوده و تمام شده	Past
وقتی دو عمل همزمان را در گذشته بیان می کنیم برای تاکید بر همزمانی عمل طولانی تر به صورت گذشته استمراری بیان می شود. عمل طولانی تر قبل از عمل کوتاه تر شروع شده و بعد از آن تمام می شود. عملی طولانی  که در یک وقت مشخص در گذشته انجام شده.	Past  Continuous
eبیان عملی قبل از عملی دیگر در گذشته	Past  Perfect
مانند گذشته کامل با این تفاوت که عمل قبلی تا زمان شروع عمل بعدی هنوز ادامه دارد	Past  Perfect  Continuous

جدول استفاده زمان آینده

 Future Tense

Structure	Tense
بیان عملی برنامه ریزی نشده در آینده  بیان یک پیش بینی برای آینده	Future
بیان عملی در وقتی خاص در آینده	Future  Continuous
بیان عملی قبل از عملی دیگر در آینده	Future  Perfect
بیان عملی طولانی قبل از یک زمان خاص در آینده	Future  Perfect Continuous

گرامر- زمان در زبان انگلیسی- درس اول - سیستم زمان در زبان انگلیسی

در زبان انگلیسی 12 زمان يا Tense اصلی داریم که این زمان ها عبارت اند از:

prefect Continuous	Prefect	Continuous	Simple
Present Perfect Continuous Tense	Present Perfect Tense	Present Continuous Tense	Present Tense	Present
Past Perfect Continuous Tense	Past Perfect Tense	Past Continuous Tense	Past Tense	Past
Future Perfect Continuous Tense	Future Perfect Tense	Future Continuous Tense	Future Tense	Future

مثال برای هر یک از زمان ها

Example	Tense
I do do  I do	Present Simple
I am doingE I am doing tomorrow	Present Continuous
I have done	Present Perfect
I have been doing	Present Perfect  Continuous
I did doE I did	Past Simple
I was doing	Past Continuous
I had done	Past Perfect
I had been doing	Past Perfect Continuous
I will do	Future Simple
I will be doing	Future Continuous
I will have done	Future Perfect
I will have been doing	Future Perfect Continuous

جدول ساختار کلی زمان حال

 Present Tense

Structure	Tense
subject + auxiliary verb (do) b e + main verb (base) e	Present
subject + auxiliary verb (be-am/is/are) b e + main verb (base+ing) e	Present  Continuous
subject + auxiliary verb (have) b e + main verb (past participle) e	Present  Perfect
subject  e+ auxiliary verb (have) + auxiliary verb (been) b e + main verb (base+ing) e	Present  Perfect  Continuous

جدول ساختار کلی زمان گذشته

 Past Tense

Structure	Tense
subject + auxiliary verb (did) + main verb (base) +e or subject + main verb (past form) +e	Past
subject + auxiliary verb (be-was/were) b e + main verb (base+ing) e	Past  Continuous
subject + auxiliary verb(had) b e + main verb (past participle) e	Past  Perfect
subject  e+ auxiliary verb (had) + auxiliary verb (been) b e + main verb (base+ing) e	Past  Perfect  Continuous

جدول ساختار کلی زمان آینده

 Future Tense

Structure	Tense
subject + auxiliary verb (will) + main verb (base) +e	Future
subject + e e + auxiliary verb (will) + auxiliary verb (be-be) b e + main verb (base+ing) e	Future  Continuous
subject + e e+ auxiliary verb(will) + auxiliary verb(have) b e + main verb (past participle) e	Future  Perfect
subject + auxiliary verb (will) e e+ auxiliary verb (have) + auxiliary verb (been) b e + main verb (base+ing) e	Future  Perfect  Continuous

در در س های بعد هر یک از این زمان ها را از دو جنبه-aspect- بررسی می کنم

یکی از جنبه ساختار -structure- یعنی شکل و فرمول کلی ساخت هر زمان

و دیگری از جنبه استفاده -use- یعنی کی و چرا از یک زمان برای بیان استفاده می کنیم

منبع

http://www.englishclub.com